Apollo Artifacts https://apolloartifacts.com Mon, 06 Jul 2026 04:03:55 +0000 en-US hourly 1 Apollo Artifacts false Apollo Guidance Computer Display and Keyboard (DSKY) Unit https://apolloartifacts.com/apollo-guidance-computer-display-and-keyboard-dsky-unit/ Wed, 29 Jul 2020 10:59:14 +0000 https://apolloarchitec.wpenginepowered.com/apollo-guidance-computer-display-and-keyboard-dsky-unit/

Apollo Guidance Computer Display and Keyboard (DSKY) Unit

I consider the Apollo Guidance Computer Display and Keyboard (DSKY – pronounced “Dis-key”) to be the most important bit of hardware in the Apollo program.  

The Apollo Guidance Computer is arguably the most important computer ever developed. It was such an early digital computer that the norm for the location of digits hadn’t yet settled on the 1, 2, and 3 being on the top row as we see now in a modern mobile phone keypad.

I’ve wanted to add a DSKY to my collection for more than a decade but they are very scarce. It’s been said that only 75 units were manufactured and most are in museums. This is a fully functioning unit that was used in testing. 

Apollo DSKY

The DSKY is a fifteen-pound, 8″ x 8″ x 7″ M.I.T.-designed and Raytheon-manufactured data entry and display device with nineteen keys and a twenty-one digit display. A unit like this was mounted into the control panel of each lunar module and two were found in each command module.

This was the astronaut’s interface allowing access to the groundbreaking on board Apollo Guidance Computer, developed by MIT. It permitted the astronauts to collect and provide flight information and was very important in the precise landings on the moon needed for a successful mission.

Each different program had a two-digit code and commands were entered as two-digit numbers in a verb-noun sequence. These units were used in all Apollo missions, including Skylab and ASTP.

It is impossible to overestimate the importance of the DSKY interface and the AGC to the Apollo moon-landing program. 

 

Apollo guidance computer

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Apollo Command Module Block II Lithium Hydroxide Canister https://apolloartifacts.com/apollo-command-module-block-ii-lithium-hydroxide-canister/ Sun, 27 Aug 2017 15:23:53 +0000 https://apolloarchitec.wpenginepowered.com/apollo-command-module-block-ii-lithium-hydroxide-canister/


The lithium hydroxide canister was designed as a replaceable filter for the Apollo Command Module environmental control unit (ECU). The main purpose of the canister was as a CO2 scrubber for breathable air for the astronauts. The ECU provided cooling, water and breathable oxygen for the astronauts’ and was connected to their spacesuits and spacecraft cabin.

Two canisters were used in the oxygen system at all times and were alternately replaced, one every twelve hours. To maintain a safe pure-oxygen environment, the canisters contained lithium hydroxide (LiOH) and charcoal and were covered by a felt cloth barrier. The LiOH within the canister absorbed carbon dioxide, the charcoal eliminated odors, and the felt trapped particles and debris. Depending on the mission length, 20 to 30 of these units were carried on each Apollo mission. Depending on the mission length, 20 to 30 of these units were carried on each Apollo mission.

According to the tags, this particular canister, made by Airesearch under NASA contract number NAS-9-150, was checked on March 13, 1968.

The dimensions: 7 1/4″ x 5 3/8 x 7 3/8

LiOX unit

A similar CO2 absorber element was employed onboard the Lunar Module but was sized/shaped differently (the CM used this “Mailbox” scrubber; the LM employed a cylindrically shaped canister).

During the Apollo 13 Mission, as a result of an explosion in the Command Service Module Liquid Oxygen tank which provided the crew and Fuel Cells with oxygen, the Lunar Module was needed as a “life boat” but was only designed to accommodate 2 crew members; the requirement to support the third crew member and affiliated increased metabolic loading rapidly expended the LM CO2 absorber elements. The Command Module CO2 absorber elements were needed in the LM. Working with Mission Control in Houston, the astronauts fabricated a novel adapter from existing material onboard the spacecraft (plastic bags, plastic-coated cue cards, spacesuit hoses and lots of duct tape) allowing the Command Module’s square canisters to be interfaced to the Lunar Module Environmental Control System (ECS), preventing a dangerous buildup of carbon dioxide.

LiOX label

Thanks to Scott Schneeweis for help with the description of this artifact.

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My Apollo Gallery! https://apolloartifacts.com/my-new-apollo-gallery/ https://apolloartifacts.com/my-new-apollo-gallery/#comments Mon, 06 Mar 2017 03:56:09 +0000 https://apolloarchitec.wpenginepowered.com/my-new-apollo-gallery/

When my wife and I underwent a major renovation and addition project to our mid-century modern home, we used this as an ideal opportunity to build a showcase for my collection of Apollo artifacts. It was important to plan for where things would go from the start of the project more than two years before construction started.

We set aside the original entrance hall as the gallery space and our architect, builder, and the various subcontractors all prepared from the start to build the gallery to my specifications.

I was fortunate to work with Bob Segal who helped with the design concepts and sourcing the materials. We wanted there to be flow from other parts of the house to the gallery, so we hung my Alan Bean painting in the living room next to the stairs to the gallery and built a balcony that overlooks the gallery. Even though the gallery is a separate room, the Apollo theme is unified into the home but doesn’t overwhelm it. When we renovated the gallery area, we eliminated the windows and door to the outside so the gallery would be dark. The ceiling was set with strong beams to support the LM descent engine thrust chamber. There is electricity in all the right places so I could have the spotlights, artifact lighting, lighting in the cabinet, and sound effects with no wires visible. Here are a few features of the gallery. Many were surprisingly cost effective:

  • The lunar images are from Mike at Moonpans and are printed on vinyl.
  • The flooring is a terrific color gray and is sold as garage flooring at Home Depot for just $1.35 per square foot (by far the cheapest flooring in the entire house).
  • The image wash lighting at the top and bottom of the lunar images, spotlights in the ceiling, cabinet lights, red engine light in the LM descent engine thrust chamber, backlight for the CM star chart panel (flown on Apollo 9) and lighting around the CM window (flown on AS 201) are all centrally controlled via an integrated Lutron system. With one button, I can change “scenes”. All of the switches and transformers are hidden under the stairs.
  • The wonderful rail system was sourced from Octanorm and the fittings for each artifact are custom built. This modular approach allows me to swap artifacts in and out of the gallery space or to remove and hide valuable artifacts – like the Apollo 12 flown rotational control handle – if I have a large party and don’t want red wine to end up on it.
  • Chris Brown at DHR Fabrication created the custom metal brackets for each artifact. The brackets are designed to attach to anchor points of each artifact and to fit perfectly into the Octanorm system.
  • We went with black paint on the ceiling, back wall, and back door (which leads to the library). (The smoke alarm housing was swapped for black after the photos were shot.)
  • The cabinet system is from IKEA but is highly modified. It was purchased in the kitchen cabinet department and is two cabinets on top of one another with stainless steel drawer fronts added. We enclosed the stacked cabinets in MDF board painted black and also painted the wood around the glass doors in black. The lighting in these cabinets is terrific – IKEA sourced puck lights in the top to light the artifacts on the glass shelves and individual lights in each drawer to light up stuff in them when a drawer is opened. The entire cabinet system including lighting was under a thousand dollars.
  • There is a black Sonos 1 speaker hidden in the back corner, which I control with my iPhone to play NASA audio. I can cue up, say, Houston to spacecraft audio of the Apollo 11 landing.

And of course, as souvenirs for my VIP gallery visitors, on the floor in the corner I have a bunch a bunch of copies of my book Marketing the Moon which I wrote with Rich Jurek and Apollo 17 Commander Gene Cernan (who did the foreword). The biggest challenge I foresee is resisting the temptation to add too much stuff. The gallery works great because it’s got breathing room. There are interesting things to look at but it is not overwhelming. Yes, I have many more artifacts I would love to bring out, but I need to keep reminding myself not to display them all at once.

DMScott gallery 7


DMScott gallery 1

DMScott gallery 3

DMScott gallery 6

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Apollo: The Panoramas https://apolloartifacts.com/apollo-the-panoramas/ Wed, 10 Feb 2016 07:59:34 +0000 https://apolloarchitec.wpenginepowered.com/apollo-the-panoramas/

Apollo: The Panoramas


I just got my copy of the new book Apollo: The Panoramas by Mike Constantine and it is absolutely fascinating.

Moonpans book-cover-800

The Apollo astronauts from each lunar landing mission did several series of panorama photographs. They would stand in one position and turn around while taking a series of a dozen or so Hasselblad photos at regular intervals to cover a wide field of view.

Being in the public domain, anybody has access to these high-resolution images on the NASA site. But Mike took the images to the next step. He spent the last 15 years assembling high resolution, seamless panoramas from each series of pans.

In his new book Mike showcases over 50 stunning panoramas with each one spanning a full double page spread. The book includes nearly all panoramas shot on the lunar surface, as well as pans captured from the LM Windows and the stand up EVA on Apollo 15.

Each panorama has a detailed description from Mike plus many also have exclusive comments from the Apollo Moonwalkers who were actually there including Alan Bean, Edgar Mitchell, Charlie Duke and Harrison Schmitt

Highly recommended!

 

Moonpans book-a17

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Alan Bean painting “Boy, you can sure move on this surface” https://apolloartifacts.com/alan-bean-painting-boy-you-can-sure-move-on-this-surface/ Sun, 03 Nov 2013 14:14:32 +0000 https://apolloarchitec.wpenginepowered.com/alan-bean-painting-boy-you-can-sure-move-on-this-surface/

Alan Bean painting "Boy, you can sure move on this surface"

My wife Yukari Watanabe Scott and I commissioned this fantastic painting from Apollo 12 astronaut and artist Alan Bean.

Lowres BOY YOU CAN SURE MOVE ON THIS SURFACE

 

“Boy, you can sure move on this surface”

Here is the story that Alan wrote describing the painting:

Prior to our Apollo 12 mission in November 1969, Pete Conrad and I talked with Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin about moving on the lunar surface. We knew that moving rapidly between exploration sites on the dusty surface would take significant energy, but we wanted to maximize the scientific return from our two moonwalks. The engineers were worried the water supply in our PLSS backpacks might run out as we worked in the 250-degree heat, making us too hot to move to the LM and get safely inside, so they limited our moonwalks to three and one half hours each.

With the challenge of so much science to accomplish in such little time, speed of movement on the surface was critical. Just like training, I learned my bulky pressurized spacesuit did not bend easily at the leg joints. However, the one-sixth earth’s gravity of the moon made me lighter and feel stronger than any training day on earth. I found I could run on my tiptoes using mostly my smaller ankle joint. With a sort of loping motion, minimizing bending my hip and knee joints, I learned to skim across the lunar surface. I shared my enthusiasm with Pete and mission control, “boy, you can sure move on this surface.”

In my painting, I am carefully photographing the Plus Y footpad of the LM to document that, like us, the LM also moves easily on the surface. The footpad bounced upon landing and moved slightly forward. Engineers back on planet earth used this information to insure the LM landing system for future missions was as light as possible but would still perform safely.

As I began photographing, Pete quickly moved to the rear of the LM to take a series of a dozen photographs, turning 30 degrees between each, recording a panorama of the immediate landing area. I have painted his bootprints as he moved behind the LM. Scientists think these bootprints will remain on the lunar surface just as distinctly as I have painted them for 30 million years.

Moving fast on the moon was hard work, but it was fun too. Someday adventurous humans from planet earth will return to the moon to run and jump and do things in the light gravity they could never do back home. Perhaps they will visit our landing site and see our bootprints and leave some bootprints of their own.

The story of our commission

L1020451

 

Like many people who grew up in the 1960s, we were fascinated with the out-of-this-world adventures of the Apollo astronauts. As primary school students we distinctly remember being herded into the school auditorium to witness for ourselves the television coverage of the latest Apollo mission.

That sense of wonder never left us. We’ve both read a great deal about the lunar missions and have collected artifacts associated with the Apollo program. But it wasn’t until we started discussion the possibility of commissioning a painting from Alan Bean that we really felt close to the moon.

Now that we have our framed Alan Bean original Boy, You Sure Can Move on this Surface hanging in our home, we can say with a great deal of enthusiasm that commissioning a painting from Alan has been one of the most enjoyable experiences of our lives.

The adventure began in 2009 when we met Alan at an astronaut event at Kennedy Space Center. We discussed how much we liked the paintings we had seen in his books and on his website. Having voraciously consumed dozens of books about the Apollo program including histories, biographies and photography volumes and visited museums including the Smithsonian Air & Space Museum, KSC, Space Center Houston and many more, we kept turning again and again to Alan’s artistic interpretations of what it was like to actually live and work on the lunar surface.

To us, an artist’s sense of awe and wonder translated into a beautiful work that we could help create and then actually own became an important part of our lives so we decided on a commission of our own.

In mid-2011 our names finally made it to the top of the waiting list and we began a series of enjoyable interactions with Alan. First we looked through his site and books to get a sense of his previous works so we could choose what we might be interested in having in our own home. We also spent hours examining hundreds of photos from the lunar surface and even read transcripts of discussions between Apollo astronauts working on the lunar surface with ground controllers at mission control, all to get a sense of what sort of image we might want painted for us.

What Alan helped us to understand is that commissioning a painting is very much a collaborative experience. While we had a great deal of input into the decisions that for into the painting, we needed to build rapport and trust between us and Alan to make the experience enjoyable and to work together to create the absolute best final result. We entered into the process with an understanding that the best commission possible is a collaborative process built on mutual trust and respect.

While researching on the Apollo Lunar Surface Journal, we found fascinating photos from Alan and Pete Conrad’s first Apollo 12 EVA (moonwalk). There was a point where Alan photographed the plus-Y LM pad and during that time he was talking to mission control (which we found in the transcripts). At the same time, Pete had been in the distance and was shooting a series of photograph pans of the landing site. This became the basis of our painting.

We love photographic images that show the lunar surface with its craters and some larger rocks and the interesting lighting and shadows created on the surface and hoped to capture that in a painting so we wanted a painting where the lunar surface is the primary focal point. We also told Alan that we like his paintings when an astronaut is at work on the surface and his attention is focused on the work, not at the viewer of the painting.

During a period of several months while we were discussing the painting, we traded email and telephone calls with Alan about important choices like composition, size, orientation (portrait or landscape), colors, and, importantly, what “story” the painting would tell. Later, as the work was nearing completion, we worked with Alan to refine the story and to name the finished work.

When the painting was complete, we visited Alan in his studio so we could see our new painting where it was created. The sense of accomplishment we all felt having worked together to achieve such a stunningly beautiful end result was a moment we will never forget. And the fact that an Alan Bean original Boy, You Sure Can Move on this Surface actually hangs in our home is truly out of this world.

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Apollo 11 flown data file clip https://apolloartifacts.com/apollo-11-flown-data-file-clip/ Sun, 03 Nov 2013 14:03:34 +0000 https://apolloarchitec.wpenginepowered.com/apollo-11-flown-data-file-clip/

Apollo 11 flown data file clip

This flown data file clip was originally from the collection of Apollo 11 Lunar Module Pilot Buzz Aldrin and was used on the historic Apollo 11 mission.

The clip is 1.75″ x 2.25″ x 0.75″ and made of lightweight aluminum. It would have been used to hold charts and checklists during the mission.

In the NASA image of Neil Armstrong during Lunar Module training for Apollo 11, you can see an example of this type of clip holding a checklist.

Apollo 11 data file clip

 

 

Ap11-S69-38677

 

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Flown Apollo 9 Exer-Genie Astronaut Exerciser https://apolloartifacts.com/flown-apollo-9-exer-genie-in-flight-astronaut-exerciser/ Sun, 03 Nov 2013 12:15:47 +0000 https://apolloarchitec.wpenginepowered.com/flown-apollo-9-exer-genie-in-flight-astronaut-exerciser/

Flown Apollo 9 Exer-Genie Astronaut Exerciser

The off-the-shelf Exer-Genie personal exerciser was perfect for spacecraft use because of its small size.

Prior to Apollo 7, the astronauts were charged with finding a way to stay fit. For my book Marketing the Moon written with Richard Jurek, we interviewed Walt Cunningham, Apollo 7 astronaut, about how the Exer-Genie was selected for space flight.

“We knew that we were going to be the first astronauts to have any room to do any exercise,” Walt Cunningham told us. “We are going to floating around and it was to be, I think, the second longest mission at the time and we were looking for something to exercise with. We told that to our training team and they ended up coming back and proposing the Exer-Genie. So we evaluated it to possibly use it in orbit and if it might accomplish the goal.

“Wally, he didn’t want to be bothered with it before we flew because he said it was a pain in ass but I kept pushing it. I think we made a few changes like the straps that we put on, they were fire resistant.

“But when we got in orbit, hell, we had to fight with Wally to get the thing because he was using it so much.”

This particular Exer-Genie, from the Deke Slayton collection, came with a NASA Parts Tag showing numerous inspection and distribution entries on both sides. The last dated entry is dated 24 Nov. 1969, and reads: “Received at MSC Bonded Storage”. The part numbers and dates all match up to the final stowage list indicating that the unit flew in space on Apollo 9.

 

Exer-genie

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Apollo 11 Contractor Press Kit Covers https://apolloartifacts.com/apollo-11-contractor-press-kit-covers/ Sun, 03 Nov 2013 10:59:49 +0000 https://apolloarchitec.wpenginepowered.com/apollo-11-contractor-press-kit-covers/

Apollo 11 Contractor Press Kit Covers

I have a large collection of press kits prepared by the public relations staffs at the major contractors for the Apollo 11 lunar landing mission.

These press kits provided valuable additional information not found in NASA-issued releases. Reporters and editors working on stories about the lunar landings had access to such documents from more than one hundred manufacturers.

I love the artwork and design of the kits.

 

 

A 11 kits 1

A11 kits 2

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My TEDx talk The Need to Explore https://apolloartifacts.com/my-tedx-talk-the-need-to-explore/ Sun, 03 Nov 2013 10:45:26 +0000 https://apolloarchitec.wpenginepowered.com/my-tedx-talk-the-need-to-explore/ This video from the TEDx YouTube channel is my TEDx talk The Need to Explore.

Direct link to The Need to Explore on YouTube.

This is a completely new speech for me with no reliance on the material I use in my keynotes.

It was fun (but hard work) to create a brand new talk combining several subjects I am passionate about: space exploration and our ongoing communications revolution.

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